Adding and subtracting machine.



C. W. GOOCH.

ADDING AND SUBTRACTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION man JAN.29, 1915. RENEWED MAY 4,19n.

' Patented Nov. 13, 1917".

TSHEETS-SHEET I.

lwomto'c c. w. GOOCH. ADDING AND SUBTRACTING MA CHIN E. APPLICATIDNFILED JAN. 29. I915- RENEWED MAY 4.19172 1,246,087. Patented Nov. 13,1917.

1 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

C. W. GOOCH. ADDING AND SUBTRVACTING MACHINE. APPLICATION mm 1104.29.191:. mqgwsn mu 4.1911.

Patented Nov. 13,1917.

ISHEETSw-SHEET 3.

- C. W. GOOCH.

ADDING AND SUBTRACTING'MACHINE. APPLICATION min JAN.29.1915. RENEWED MAY4.1911.

1,246,087. I Patented Nov. 13, 191?.

M I q lsuzns sain i199 D D IE I rzzl lm Ill] C. W. GOOCH.

ADDING AND SUBTRACTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED IAN.29.1915- RENEWED MAY 4.1911.

' 1,246,087. Patented Nov. 13, 1917'.

ISHEETS-SHEET 5.

VF W w J2 C. W. GOOCH.

ADDING AND SUBTRACTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FIL D IAN.29. 1915. RENEWED MAY 4.1911.

Patented Nov. 13, 1917.

'! SHEETS-SHEET 6. I

C. W. GOOCH.

ADDING AND SUBTRACTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN-29, m5. RENEWED My 4.19m. 1,246,087.

Patented Nov. 13, 1917.

1SHEETS-SHEET I.

UNITED STATES PATENT. OFFICE.

CLAIBORNE W. GOOCH, OF-DETROIT, MICHIGAN, ASSIGNOIR. TO BURROUGHS ADDINGMACHINE COMPANY, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN, A CORPORATIGN OF MICHIGAN.

ADDING AND SUBTRACTING MACHINE.

' Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Nov 13, 1917 Applicationfiled January 29, 1915, Serial No. 5,134, Renewed May 4, 1917. SerialNo. 166,492.

To all whom it/m/ay concern:

a citizen of the United States, residin at Detroit, in the county ofWayne and tate of Michigan, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Addin and Subtractin Machines, of which the Iollowing isa speci cation.

he main object of the present invention is to adapt registeringmechanism of the sort disclosed in my prior application (Serial No.820,680, filed February 24., 1914) patented Feb. 16, 1915 Number1,128,67 9 to direct use for purposes of subtraction, and to accomplishthis without recourse to the introduction of an additional set ofregistering wheels or additional gearing. The basic principle upon whichthe mechanism of my aforesaid prior invention operates is such as tolend itself to the performance of'direct subtraction through acomparatively simple change in the relationship of elements of themechanism. Thus by performing an act similar to that performed with saidmechanism for zeroizing the registering wheels, as illustratedanddescribed in my aforesaid former patent," but without looking certainintermediate ear wheels (as in the case of that zeroizing the mechanismis properly prepared for the performance. of subtraction by reverserotation of the registering wheels,

all necessary borrowing being eile'cted through the medium of the sameplanetary gearing which, in additive operations, effects carrying.According to my said prior invention certain planetary gearinginterposed between a lower and a higher'order registering wheel operatesperiodically under control of a snail cam on the lower wheel'toadvancethe higher wheela 'full step' as an incident to the passing ofthe lower wheel from its highest registering position on to zero.suspending the cooperative relationshipbetween-such cam and theplanetary gearing, in carrying out'my present invention, I utilize thesame planetary gearing for borirowin from the higher wheel by gradual orivided movement as distinguished from the periodical planetary actionabove referred to, in which connection the planetary gears-serve merelyas intermediate pinions, except that in the preliminary setting forsubtraction there is a planetary action of these gears to take up anynecessary part of the complete borrowing movement as governed by theregistering state of the lower wheel.

By my present invention I not only accomplish the above result but Iutilize registering mechanism of the character indicated, in an addingand listing machine of the keyset crank-operated type having not onlythe capacity for listing successive added or subtracted amounts but alsothe capacity for automatically printing totals and remainers. peciallywith machines of the key-driven p Of various known adding and listingmachines of the key-set crank-operated type, I have chosen for thepresent purpose of affording a concrete instance of the embodiment of mypresent invention, the machine which is quite extensively known upon themarket as the Burroughs Visible, a machine which is a redesign of oneformerly known upon the market as the Pike, the particulars of which aredisclosed in a number of prior patents, e. 9., No. 763,692, issued June28, 1901 and No. 955,789, issued Janu ary 19, 1910.

Of the drawings which accompany and form part of this specification,Figure 1 represents in sectionalized left-side eleva tion an adding andlisting machine of the therein mechanism for embodying my presentinvention; Fig. 2 is an axial section (My former patent deals moreestype just referred to having incorporated,

of the registering mechanism located at the front of the machine, saidsection embracing two of the registering wheels; Figs. 3 and 4 arecorresponding vertical cross sections of the registering mechanism, theformer figure illustrating an adding condition'and the latter figure asubtracting condition; Figs. 5 and 6 are diagrammatic perspectivesillustrating'adding and subtracting conditions respectively; Figs. 7 and8 are corresponding left-side elevations of the registering mechanismandcertain controlling devices, the former figure illustrating asubtracting condition and the latter an adding condition; Fig. 9 is abroken plan view of the registering mechanism on an enlarged scale; Fig.10 is a broken front elevation; Figs. 11 and 12 are sectional right sideelevations (on line 11-11 of Fig. 9), the former illustrating a normalcondition and the latter the condition when the machine is halfoperated; Figs. 13 and 14% are left side elevations devoted moreespecially to the control mechanism, the former figure illustrating theadding condition and the latter the subtracting condition prior to theoperation of the machine; Fig. 13 shows certain of the parts asrelatively positioned at the middle of an adding operation; Fig. 15 is aview similar to Fig. 14: illustrating the condition as the last halfcycle of a subtracting operation of the machine begins; Figs. 16 and 17are views of a somewhat similar character devoted more especially toillustrating the totaling devices, Fig. 16 showing a normal conditionand Fig. 17 showing the total key down; Fig. 18 is a similar viewshowing the sub-total key down; Fig. 19 is a view of the same generalcharacter, though confined to a few parts and having to do with aninterlock between the subtraction key and the actuating mechanism of themachine.

Referring first to the registering mechanism and particularly to theillustration thereof supplied by Fig. 2, and employing referencecharacters corresponding with those used in my said prior application,the letters A and B designate respectively a lower and a higher orderregistering wheel each inscribed on its periphery from 1 to 9 with anintervening cipher, as shown in Figs. 9 and 10, with the numbersincreasing in clockwise direction, looking from the left, as in Figs. 1,3 and 4. The letters A and B designate external gear wheels associatedwith said wheels A and B respectively, their webs carrying planetarypinions D and D which mesh with internal gears F and F on the wheels Aand A and with sun gears E and E. In the case of the wheel of lowestorder such sun gear is fixed whereas similar sun gears of other ordersare rotatable and there is affixed to the hub of each of these higherorder sun gears an internal ment to the next higher wheel. Further ap-;

plying reference characters to correspond with those used in my priorapplication, the letter G designates a snail back cam fastened gearcarrier in the form of a plate hung upon the axis-rod a about which thewheels A and B turn. Reduced portions of the hubs of the latter supplybearings for the wheels A and B and a similar reduced portion of the hubof the gear carrier L supplies a bearing for the wheel C and attachedsun gear E. The pivoted arm H is' connected by a link M with the gearcarrier L so that the latter will be oscillated in the rising andfalling of said arm. A planetary pinion N on one side of said gearcarrier meshes with the internal gear C and a larger planetary pinion Oon the other side of the gear carrier meshes with a sun gear P which isintegral with the cam G, said two pinions being secured to the same hubor journal which has its bearing in said carrier.

The additive operation is thesame as that described in my aforesaidapplication, the numeral wheels being primarily actuated by the turningof their respective gear wheels A and B and the arm H being graduallyelevated by the action of the cam G upon the stud H 'which action isaccompanied by swinging of the gear carrier L in a counterclockwisedirection, its pinion N rolling upon the internal gear C and its pinionO rolling around the sun gear P which is, of course, in effect as partof the lower numeral wheel. Then when the shoulder of the cam passes thestud H the arm H is pulled down by its spring J and the gear carrierthereby swung in a clockwise direction with the result of turning theinternal gear C in a clockwise direction and'thereby transmitting acarrying movement to the higher order wheel.

As also illustrated and explained in my said prior application azeroizing of the wheels may be effected by lifting the arms H (of whichthere is one for each wheel), and in the key-driven machine of saidapplication this is practised through the medium of a bail which picksup said arms wherever they may happen to be positioned, as a result ofthe varied turning of the numeral wheels, and lifts them off of the camswhile the numeral wheels are unlocked and the intermediate internalwheels C are locked against backward rotation, with the result that allhigher order wheels are rotated forward to the 9 position and the unitswheel sun gears P.

There is no call for such process of Zeroizing in a key-setcrank-operated adding and listing machine, suchas that underconsideration, and I have referred to it somewhat specifically merely byway of introduction to the subject of subtractive operation of theregistering mechanism which involves a preliminary action suggestive ofthat constituting the first part of a zeroizing operation of thecharacter above referred to though the effect produced is entirelydifferent and it is therefore important that the two actions bedistinguished at the outset. It will have been noted that whendescribing said zeroizing operation mention was made of the unlocking ofthe numeral wheels and the locking of the intermediate internal gearwheels arms H cannot result in forwardly rotating the numeral Wheels,whereas it will result in rearwardly turning the intermediate internalgears C varying extents according to the registering state of thenumeral wheels. Obviously continued backward'turning of the numeralwheels for subtraction purposes cannot be practised unless cooperativerelationship between the snail back cams and the arms H is suspended,that is to say, unless the studs H are removed from the paths of theradial shoulders of said cams. The lifting of the arms H does this andthe backward turning of the intermediate wheels C, in effecting backwardturning of the higher order numeral wheels, properly prepares thosewheels for the work of subtraction with necessary borrowing to obtainthe correct remainder. It should be understood that the purpose is toeffect borrowing, not

by periodical transmission of complete impulses. as in the case ofcarrying when the studs H drop over the radial shoulders of the cams,but by gradual or divided trans mission sometimes termed in this art acrawl. Thus the transmission is not by planetary action as to thepinions N and O which, after their limited preliminary action asplanetary gears due to the swinging of their carriers L by the arms H,then serve during the performance of subtraction merely as intermediatepinions for transmitting movement to the internal gears C. It willconsequently be understood that the borrowing action is going on all thetime, that is to say, whenever a lower order wheel is in backward motionthe next higher order wheel is receiving the proportionate amount ofbackward motion so that when the lower order wheel has made a completerotation the higher order wheel will have turned backward one stepadditional to such backward movement as it may primarily receive fromits own actuating wheel A. In short for every step of movement of thelower wheel the next higher wheel receives onetenth of a step ofmovement.

Reverting to the matter of the preliminary setting for subtraction (inwhich connection the diagrammatic illustration supplied by Figs. 5 and 6will be found instructive) and bearing in mind that the gearing is soproportioned that the return swing of the gear carrier measured by theheight of the cam G turns the intermediate internal gear wheel Cone-fifth of a rotation and the higher order registering wheel Bone-tenth of a rotation under adding conditions and that conversely,when effecting the zeroizing according to the practice heretoforementioned, a full-initial swing of the gear carrier with theintermediate wheel locked and the lower order registering wheel unlockedthe latter is given a complete forward rotation (as in the case of theunits wheel of the former.con-- struction when standing at Zero), itfollows that a full initial swing of the gear carrier while the lowerorder registering wheel remains stationary and the intermediate wheel isfree to turn backward, will result in that wheel being turned backwardone-fifth of a rotation and the higher order registering wheelconsequently turned backward onetenth of a rotation. This is what occursas to a higher order wheel next adjacent a lower order wheel standing atZero when. there is a preliminary setting for subtraction. Thus theborrowing of one from the higher order wheel in such case is antici-.pated. This is illustrated in Fig. 6 which shows a condition resultingfrom the lifting of the arm H when the associated wheel A is at zero andthe higher order wheel B also at zero, the latter being shown in thisfigure of the drawings as having turned backward to the 9 position.

The necessity for this will be apparent when due consideration is givento the fact that a backward turning of the lower order wheel from 0 to 9for the purpose of subtracting one in the units column only efiectsone-tenth of a step of movement of the higher order wheel. As it is, thefull borrowing movement has been anticipated and the subtraction of onein the unit-s column simply turns the higher order wheel one-tenth of astep further backward as the first fraction of the next completeborrowing movement, or it may be considered that this one-tenth of astep of movement of the higher order wheel is the'completion of thefirst borrowing. Now, if the units wheel should be at some positionother than zero, for instance at 6, then of course the arm H will be ina partially elevated position upon way will not transmit one-tenth of arotaremains at zero, a lowering of the arm H will again advance thehigher order wheel to its original registering position but if the-lower order wheel is turned backward beyond zero its cam G passes underthe stud H and a resetting to adding condition does not result in soturning forward the higher order wheel which will then continue toregister the lower numeral.

Under a condition such as illustrated by Figs. 5 and 6 the backwardturning of the higher order wheel in the setting operation will occurwhen the stud H of the higher order arm H would be directly in front ofthe shoulder of the higher order cam and would therefore interfere withthe backward. turning of this higher order wheel in the absence ofprovisions to take care of this situation. I make provision for thiscontingency by providing a yielding connection .,Joetween the arm H andthe gear carrier L.

Thus the link M is elongated and slotted lengthwise, as shown at M andthe stud L of the gear carrier, which stud occupies said slot, isconnected by a spring J with the stud H of the arm H on which the linkis pivoted. This arrangement permits the arm H to be elevated the fulldistance notwithstanding the temporary obstruction to the swinging ofthe gear carrier occasioned by the stud H of the higher order lever Hbeing in front of the shoulder of the higher order cam. It will beunderstood that the higher order arm is being elevated simultaneouslywith the low er order arm-so that the obstructing stud will eventuallyclear the cam shoulder whereupon the spring J will cause the lower ordergear carrier to followup the previously elevated lower order arm H andlink M and the higher order wheel will be iven its backward turningmovement which carries the high part of its cam under the stud Hof thehigher order arm H.

In incorporating a registering mechanism of the above description intoan adding and listing machine of the type herein shown, said mechanismis located at the front, where registering wheels are commonly found inthis type of machine, below a'cover plate 2 having sight openings 2, oneover v.each of the registering wheels and through which the inscriptionson the numeral wheel may be read in true alinement when the machine isin an adding condition, it being clear from what has already been setforth that the manner of borrowing in subtraction precludes suchalinement when the machine is in a subtracting condition, except in thecase of putting the machine in the subtracting condition when the wheelsare all showing ciphers and the subtraction-setting moves all the higherorder wheels back to 9. It will of course be understood that there isassociated with each one of the wheels one of the levers H and that eachone of these levers, except that associated with the wheel of highestorder, is coupled through one of the slotted links M with a gearcarrier. It will further be understood that any partial borrowingmovement caused by the elevating of the arms or by the backward turningof lower order wheels will be taken up again with the restoration of-themachine to an adding condition so that the correct remainder will thenshow in true alinement'under the said sight openings. In the case of afull backward one-step movement, such as that heretofore instanced andillustrated in Fig. 6, and the restoration to adding condition with alower order wheel still at zero, the, lowering of the arm associatedwith that wheel will of course take up the complete one-step movement'ust as such a movement is effected in an ad itive carrying operationand such action will continue across the se ries of wheels as far asciphers may have been in registration and nines brought under the sightopenings by putting the machine into subtracting condition. For example,if all the wheels were registering ciphers and the machine was then putinto subtracting condition the wheel of lowest order would continue todisplay its cipher and all the other wheels would display nines inalinement with that cipher. If the machine was then restored to addingcondition the lowest order lever H would drop past the shoulder of theassociated cam and thereby transmit a one-step forward movement to thenext higher order wheel which would carry the high end of its cam pastthe stud of the associated lever whereupon the latter would drop andtransmit a one-step movement to the next wheel, and so on, after themanner of a zeroizing operation, such as heretofore referred to inconnection with the prior mechanism.

In the construction here shown the lifting of the gang of arms H iseffected by the rocking of a shaft S which is milled out at intervals toreceive rearward extensions H of said arms respectively, as shown inFig. 3, so as to permit said arms to fully lower. The rocking of thisshaft, as illustrated in Fig. 4, will obviously have the effect oflowering the rear extensions of the arm and elevating the armsthemselves.- On the lefthand end of said shaft there is secured a crankarm S which is connected by a rearwardly extending link S with a handlever S. The latter is pivoted to a bracket on the base of the machineand projects upwardly to the left of the regular keyboard of the machineconveniently for manipulation. It is preferably equipped with a knob orhandle and it will be seen that when in a rearward position, as shown inFig. 8 an adding condition of the registering mechanism 0btains, whereaswhen said hand lever is thrown forward to the position shown in Fig. 7 asubtracting condition is brought aboutf Further specific reference willbe made to the function of this hand lever 'or subtraction key after adescription of the actuating devices which drive the registering wheelsunder control of amount keys and which set up in type the amountsregistered and which also serve to set up in type totals and remaindersas controlled'by backward rotation of the registering wheels.

Referring then to these actuating devices, the reference numeral 3designates sliding rack bars of'which counterparts to a considerableextent may be seen in the aforesaid Pike patents, the main differencebeing that in the present instance the rack teeth 3 are j formed uponthe bars themselves and not upon separate pieces slidingly mounted uponthe bars, and that these rack bars are 001- lectivelymovable up and downto engage them with and disengage them from the gear wheels whichtransmit motion; to the registering wheels.

' rectly mesh with these racks respectively are Gear wheels whichdidesignated by the letter Q and other ear wheels turning with thesegear wheels 6 respectivel and meshing respectively with the aforesaigears A B and similar gears associated with the other registerin wheels,are designated by the reference etter E Normally the racks are in meshwith the wheels but in an adding operation they are dropped out of meshat the outsetv so that the racks may advance distances determined byamount keys while disengaged from the registering mechanism. Then at thebe inning ofthe last half cycleof opera-- tion 0 the machine theracksare reengaged with the gears Q and when'returning to their normalpositions rotate said gears whereby f the requisite degree'of additivemovement is imparted tov the'registering wheels in all orders where keyshave been depressed. The amount keys are designated by thenumeral 4 andserve in a familiar manner A to set stopsto limit forward movement ofthe rack and in the present instance said pivfotal connection isutilized in 'connectionjwith the dropping and liftingoffltherackjbars.at

-their.forwardfends. H-ere they arefbifur cated, as shown at 31 toembrace antifriction.

rollers 7 upon thecross shaft 8 of a bail pawl has an arm R wit'h abifurcated end embracmg the bail cross-rod 12,- as clearly' shown inFig. l.

Springs 15 applied to the rack bars respectively tend to advance thembut are normally restrained by a bail 16 secured to the rock shaft 6,which is a very familiar arrangement in this type of machine, the saidbail being swung forward and then rearward in every operation of themachine. The control mechanism whereby the engagement and disengagementbetween racks and registering mechanism is regulated, though similar inprinciple to that which is familiar in this type of machines, variessufficiently to call for specific description especially as its modifiedform as compared with prior constructions, has to do with the novelsubtracting feature of the present invention.

Referring to Figs. 13, 14 and 15 the before mentioned left side bail arm11 has a roller 19 extending rearward to a rock shaft 20 of itsbifurcated rear end there is pivoted upon this link a pitman 21 which isforked at its rear end and formed with upper and lower notches 21 and 21at the bases of flaring mouths 21 and 21 A rocker plate 30 forengagement with the said notches '21 and 21 respectively, the latterstud being normally seated in its notch, as shown in Fig. 13. An arm 40secured to the rock shaft 20 carries a spring-actuated wiper pawl 41adapted to operate upon the studs 30 and 30 It normally lies against thelatter stud, as shown in Fig. 13, and in the first part of an operationof the machine operates upon said. stud to thrust the pitman ,21rearward and thereby the link 19, thus bars. They also operate as usualtounlatch the bars. The'latter are pivotally connected swinging the cam18 rearward and lowering the set of rack bars out of engagement with thegear wheels Q (Fig. 12) The wiper pawl then leaves said stud,straightens, and

swings 'on. ..upward'wit h the arm 40 and is brought, into engagementwith the upper stud 30 which, as a result of the rearward onwhich itslides as a guide. Just forward thrust ofthe pitman and consequentrocking of pmpmwso, has been swung forward (Fig. 13) into the path ofthe then straightened wiper pawl. Meanwhile the rack bars which havebeen unlatched by depression of amount keys have moved forward distancesdetermined by those keys. Upon the return stroke of the arm 40 its wiperpawl 41 acts upon the stud' 30 to rock the plate 30 back to its normalposition and thereby cause the lower stud to thrust the pitman 21forward and so swing back the cam plate 18 and rengage the racks withthe wheels. down to reengage its wiper pawl with the lower stud 30, theadvanced rack'bars-are forced rearward by the restorin bail 16 andadditive registration is efi'ecte upon the numeral wheels.

Referring next to the subtraction control the aforesaid pitman 21extends forward of its pivot and alongside the hand lever S The lattercarries a roller stud S which normally occupies a notch 21 in thepitman, the latter having an upwardly extending cam finger 21 forward ofsaid. notch and terminating in a straight top edge, as shown in Figs.13, 14 and 15. When the hand lever or subtraction key S is thrownforward to the position shown in Fig. 14, its roller stud S rides up therear edge of said cam finger and depresses the forward arm of the'pitmanand correspondingly lifts the forked rear end of the pitman, disengagingthe lower notch 21 from the lower stud 30 and engaging the upper notch21 with the stud 30*. This involves a rocking of the plate 30 which isfreely mounted upon the frame of the machine so that as the forked endof the pitman rises the comparatively light spring applied to the wiperpawl 31 causes the latter to rock said plate 30 and bring its upper stud30 into line with the upper notch 21 of the pitman. This change inrelationship of parts having been effected by throwing forward thesubtraction key, then when the operation of the machine starts the wiperpawl turns idly over the lower stud 30 and the racks remain in mesh withthe gear wheels Q and therefore in all orders where racks have beenunlatched the registering wheels will be turned backwarddistancesdetermined by the depressed amount keys. Meantime the arm 40swings upward to the position shown in Fig. 15 and its wiper pawlbecomes engaged with the upper stud 30 while the latter is seated in theupper not ch 21*. Then as the last half cycle of operation of themachine starts said wiper pawl acts upon said stud and thrusts rearwardthe pitman 21 thereby disengaging the racks from said gears Q so thatthey return to normal out of engagement. They are caused to reengage thegears as the operation of the machine terminates by direct action of thearm 40 upon the link 19. Thus said arm has a forward and downwardly Asthe said arm 40 swings on.

by the throwing forward of the subtraction key lever.

A somewhat similar change in relationship of parts of the controlmechanism to that effected by the throwing forward of the subtractingkey lever is brought about by depression of the total key 50 (Figs. 16and 17) which is mounted upon a lever 51 pivoted upon the rock shaft 20,its rear end carrying a pivoted spring-held tappet-piece 52 whichoperates upon a stud 53 carried by the pitman 21. The rear end of thelatter is normally held down by a short spring 54 which connects saidstud with a stud on a depending portion of the said tappet-piece, andwhen the subtraction key lever is operated the said spring stretches.The tappet piece cannot swing upon itspivot and follow the pitman inthis case because a laterally turned lip 52 of said tappet-piece engagesunder the rear end of the total key lever 51. The total key is neverused except when the subtraction key lever is out of use and the forkedend of the pitman consequently in its lower position as illustrated inFig. 16. The effect of depressing the total key and thereby elevatingthe rear arm of the lever 51 is to raise the forked rear end of thepitman, as illustrated in Fig. 17, by reason of the action of thetappet-piece 52 against the stud 53. The spring 54; is of courseoffering no resistance to the lifting of the rear end of the pitman, andanother spring 55, which connects the tappet-piece with the lever 51, isof sutlicient strength not to yield. At the conclusion of this operationthe arm 48 acts upon link 19 to reengage the racks and gears as in thecase of subtraction.

It Will be understood that the operation of the machine with the totalkey depressed is the familiar one which consists in permitting racks toadvance in mesh with registering gears as the latter rotate backwarduntil the numeral wheels came to 0 position, and then in disengaging theracks so that the wheels (Figs. 7 to 10) stand clear. In the presentinstance the 0 position of the numeral wheels in backward rotation isdeter mined by the striking of lugs (30 on the wheels against stop pawls(31 which are pivoted upon a rock shaft 62 at the front of the machineand are held by springs 63 in the paths of said lugs. In the forwardturning 1 stop pawls.

of the wheel the lugs simply wipe past these The occasion for mountingthesestop pawls upon the rock shaft is to provide for disabling themwhen subtraction is to -be performed and the wheels are to rotatebackward past zero. Thus said pawls are unified with yokes 61 and pins62 on the rock shaft adapted to act against the yokes and thereby throwthe pawls back, as shown in Fig. 7. An arm 65 secured to said rock shaftextends rearward therefrom and has a cam slot 65 which is occupied bya'roller stud 66on the before-mentioned crank arm S. The forward throwof this crank arm caused by pulling forward the subtraction key leverresults in rocking the said arm 65 upward and so throwing back the stoppawls. The latter are preferably limited as to return movement into thepaths of the numeral wheel lugs 65 by fingers 61 of the yokes strikingagainst the rock shaft 10, friction between the pawls and the wheelsbeing thus obviated.

A sub-total key 70 of familiar character (Figs. 16 and 18) surmounts alever 71 which is pivoted 'on rock shaft 20 and has a lug 71 overlyingthe totalkey lever 51so that when said sub-total key is depressed thetotal key lever is depressed. However, the effect is not the same, forthe sub-totaling operation involves meshing of the racks with the, gearwheels Q throughout the operation ,of the machine, and therefore theforked end of the pitman should occupy a neutral position. This iseffected by limiting the upward movement as compared with that producedby depression of the total key. The sub-total key lever 71 has anupwardly projecting finger 71 with a stud 71 which is brought forwardand downward into contact with a hump 21 on the arching portion of thepitman. The pitman is thus stopped at an intermediate and neutralposition, the spring 55 yielding so that the tappet-piece turns slightlyabout the stud 53, as illustrated in Fig. 18. Here it will be noted thatthe upper and lower studs 30 and 30 are both disengaged from the upperand lower notches 21 and 21 so that in the swinging'up and down of thearm 10 its wiper pawl 41 plays idly over thesaid studs slightlyvibrating the plate 30 w1thout any appreciable effect upon the pitman.Conscquently the racks remain engaged with the gears Q throughout theentire operation and after the numeral wheels have been turned backwardto Zero and their total registration set up in type and printed, thatsame registration will be restored.

In the interest of safeguarding the. machine against misoperation it isdesirable to supply interlocking devices to prevent the simultaneousmovement of parts which should not be in operation at the same time.When a clearing total is to be taken the subtotal key should of coursebe kept out of action. I therefore provide for locking this key out ofaction by the act of depressing the total key. Thus a link (Fig. 16)connects, ,the rear arm of the total key lever 51 with a hook 81 securedto a rock shaft 82 in hearings on the base of the machine. When thetotal key is' individually depressed this hook is rocked over a stud 83on a lower branch 71 of the sub-total key lever 71. There is formedintegral with this hook an arm 80 which constitutes one member of aninterlock between the total key lever and the actuating mechanism of themachine. The

stud 80 on the end of the said arm 80*, as

shown in Fig. 16. Upon operation of the machine without preliminarydepression of the total key lever, either by its own key or by thesub-total key, said hook passes immediately under said stud and preventsdepression of either of said keys after the operation of the machine hasstarted. These devices also insure full depression of total or sub-totalkey before a totaling operation of the machine is started. for thereason that during depression of either of said keys the stud 8O willpass across the end of the hook. The latter also serves the purpose ofholding down the keys during the totaling opera tion, by engaging overthe top of the stud 80.

Interlocks of the above character are now so familiar in this art thatany more detailed description than as above pointed out seems to beunnecessary. Similar interlocks are provided between the subtraction keyand the actuating mechanism of the machine and between the subtractionkey and the total keys. Thus, as shown in Figs. 16, 17 and 19,

.a link 90 connects the subtraction key lever S with a rocker-piece 91loosely mounted upon the rock shaft 82, said rocker-piece having a stud91 to cooperate with a second hook 92 secured to the actuating rockshaft 20. Fig. 19 illustrates the condition when i I I said stud toprevent said key being thrown forward during the operation of themachine. Then the striking of the end of the hook against the stud willprevent operation of the machine before the said key has been fullythrown forward in preparation for the work of subtraction. The said link90 also serves as an interlocking device between the subtraction key andthe total keys.

brings about the proper alinement for insuring alinement of types underbackward rotation of the wheels for totaling purposes.

vThe throwing forward of the subtraction key lever while the total keyis down cannot occur because depression of the total key, eitherindividually or as an accompaniment to the depression of the sub-totalkey, takes the stud 51* down in front of the lug 90, as shown. in Fig.17.

I claim:

1. A set of registeringwheels connected by planetary gearing withprovisions for periodical transmission of a full carrying movement fromalower order wheel to the neighboringhigher order wheel as an incidentto the forward turning of the former from its highest registeringposition to zero; in combination with meansfor effecting gradual ordivided backward borrowing movement of a higher order wheel through the,

same gearing as an incident to backward turning of the next lower wheelthrough its registering range together with provisions for preliminarilysetting the gearing according to the registering state of the wheels totake up any necessary part of a complete borrowing movement.

2.'A set of registering wheels connected by planetary gearing comprisingoscillatory gear-carriers and cams for operating the same; incombination wlth means for suspending cooperative relationship betweencams and gear carriers and differentially setting back the registeringwheels, preparatory to reversely turning the same for the performance ofsubtraction.

3. A set of registering wheels connected by planetary gearing comprisingoscillatory gear-carriers and vibrating arms and came for operating thesame; in combination with means for suspendlng cooperative relat1on shipbetween cams and gear carriers and differentially setting back theregistering wheels, preparatory to reversely turning the same for theperformanceof subtractionya' yielding connection being provided betweenthe oscillatory gear-carriers and the vibratoryarms. y

4. The combination of a pair of registering wheels having internalgears; actuating wheels carrying planetary pinions in mesh 'verselyturning the higher order wheel and suspending cooperative relationshipbetween said member and the cam to permit reverse rotation of the lowerorder wheel for subtractive registration and properborrowing from thehigher wheel in gradual or divided movement imparted thereto through theplanetary gearing.

5. The combination of a pair of register.- ing wheels having internalgears; actuating wheels carrying planetary pinions in mesh with saidinternal gears respectively; sun gears with which said pinions meshrespectively; an internal gear unified with the sun gear of the higherorder; an oscillatory gear-carrier, a pair of gear-pinions mountedtherein and one meshing with the last-mentioned internal gear; a sungear unified with the lower order registering wheel and meshing with theother of said gear pinions; a snail cam unified with said lower orderwheel; a vibrating spring-actuated member engaged by said cam andyieldingly connected with said gear-carrier; and means for displacingsaid member and thereby reversely turning the higher order wheel andsuspending cooperative relationship between said member and the cam topermit reverse rotation of the lower order wheel for subtractiveregistration and proper borrowing from the higher order wheel in gradualor divided movement imparted thereto through the planetary gearing.

6. The combination of a pair of registeringwheels having internal gears;actuatin wheelsearrying planetary pinions in mes with said internal earsrespectively; sun gears with which said pinions mesh respectively; aninternal gear unified with the sun gear of the higher order; anoscillatory gearcarrier; a pair of gear pinions" mounted therein and onemeshing with the last-mentioned internal gear; a sun gear unified withthe lower order registering wheel and meshing with the other of saidgear pinions; a snail cam unified with said lower order wheel; avibratory spring-actuated arm engaged by said cam; a link yieldinglconnecting said arm with the aforesai gear carrier; and means fordisplacing said arm and thereby swinging said carrier and reverselyturning the higher order wheel and suspending cooperative relationshipbetween said arm and said cam to permit reverse rotation of the lowerorder wheel for subtractive registration and proper borrowing from thehigher wheel in gradual or divided movement imparted thereto through theplanetary gearing.

7. The combination of a pair of registering wheels having internalgears; actuating wheels carrying planetary pinions in. mesh with saidinternal gears respectively; sun gears with which said pinions meshrespectively; aninternal gear unified with the sun gear of the higherorder; an oscillatory gearcarrier; a pair of gear pinions mountedtherein and one meshing with the last mentioned internal gear; a sungear unified with the lower order registering wheel and meshing with theother of said gear pinions; a snail cam unified with said lower orderwheel; avibratory spring-actuated arm engaged by said cam; a linkyieldingly connecting said arm with the aforesaid gearcarrier; a rockshaft of cam cross-section engaging said arm and adapted when turned oneway to displace the same and thereby swing the said carrier andreversely turn the higher order wheel and suspend cooperativerelationship between the arm and the snail cam to permit reverserotation of the lower order wheel for subtractive registration andproper borrowing from the higher wheel in gradual or divided movementimparted thereto through the planetary gearing; and a handle foroperating said rockshaft.

8. The combination of a set of registering wheels; planetary gearinginterposed between them with provisions for periodical transmission of afull carrying movement from a lower order wheel to the neighboringhigher order wheel as an incident to forward turning of the 'former fromits highest registering position to zero; actuating gears for the wheelsrespectively; differentially movable actuators engageable with and dis--engageable from the said actuating gears respectively; means fornormally regulating periods of engagement and disengagement of actuatorsand Wheels to effect additive turning of the latter; and means forreversing the periods of engagement and disengage ment to effectsubtractive turning of said wheels and for thereafter effecting gradualor divided backward borrowin movement of a higher order wheel throughthe plane tary gearing which connects it with the lower order wheel,such gearing'having first been set according to the registering state ofthe wheels to preliminarily take up any necessary part of a completeborrowing movement.

9. The combination ofa set of registering turning of the latter; meansfor setting said regulating means to effect reverse turning of wheels tozero while engaged with the actuators; zero stops for the wheels undersuch reverse turning; and means for setting said regulating means toefiect subtractive turning of said wheels and for thereafterefiecting'gradual or divided backward borrowing movement of a higherorder wheel through the planetary gearing which connects it with thelower order wheel,such gearing having first been set according to theregistering state of the wheels to preliminarily take up any necessarypart of a complete borrowing movement,with provisions for disabling theaforesaid zero stops as an incident to operation of the last specifiedmeans.

10. The combination of a pair of register ing wheels having internalgears; actuating wheels carrying planetary pinions in mesh with saidinternal gears respectively; sun gears with which said pinions meshrespectively; an internal gear unified with the sun gear of the higherorder; an oscillatory gear-carrier; a pair of gear pinions mountedtherein and one meshing with the last-mentioned internal gear; a sungear unified with the lower order registering wheel and meshing with theother of said gear pinions; a snail cam unified with said lower orderWheel; a vibrating spring-actuated member engaged by said cam andoperatively connected. with said gear-carrier; actuating gears for thewheels respectively; difierentially movable actuators engagea'ble withand disengageable from the said actuating gears respectively; means fornormally regulating periods of engagement and disengagement of actuatorsand wheels to effeet additive turning of the latter; and

means for setting said regulating means to effect reverse turning of theactuating gears for subtraction, and for displacing the aforesaidvibratory spring-actuated member to suspend cooperative relationshipbetween it and the snail cam whereby to permit subtractive turning ofthe lower registering wheel vand borrowing from the higher wheel bygradual or. divided movement imparted thereto through the planetarygearing,the

displacement of said member and consequent shifting of the gear carriereffecting backward turning of the higher wheel to preliminarily take upany necessary part of a complete borrowing movement.

11. The combination of a pair of registering wheels having internalgears; actuating wheels carrying planetary pinions in mesh 1 nectingsaid arm with the aforesaid gear carrier; actuating gears for the wheelsrespectively; difierentially movable actuators engageable with anddisengageable from the said actuating gears respectively; means fornormally regulating periods of engagement and disengagement of actuatorsand wheels to effect additive turning of the latter; means for settingsaid regulating means to effect reverse turning of the actuating gearsfor subtraction; and coordinated means for displacing the aforesaidspring-actuated arm and thereby swinging the gear carrier and reverselyturning the higher order wheel and suspending cooperative relationshipbetween the arm and the snail cam to permit reverse rotation of thelower order wheel for subtractive registration and proper borrowing fromthe higher order wheel in gradual or divided movement imparted theret'othrough the planetary gearing.

1:2. The combination of a pair of registering wheels having internalgears; actuating wheels carrying planetary pinions in mesh with saidinternal gears respectively; sun gears with which said pinions meshrespectively; an internal gear unified with the sun gear of the higherorder; an oscillatory gear-carrier; a pair of gear pinions mountedtherein and one meshing with the lastmentioned internal gear; a sun gearunified with the lower order registering wheel and meshing with theother of said gear pinions; a snail cam unified with said lower orderwheel; a vibratory spring-actuated arm engaged by said cam; a linkyieldingly connecting said arm with the aforesaid gearearrier; a rockshaft of cam cross-section engaging said arm and adapted when turned oneway to displace the same and thereby swing the said carrier andreversely turn the higher order wheel and suspend cooperativerelationship between the arm and the snail cam to permit reverserotation of the lower order wheel for subtractive registration andproper borrowing from the higher wheel in gradual or divided movementimparted thereto through the planetary gearing; actuating gears for thewheels respectively; differentially movable actuators engageable withand disengageable from the said actuating gears respectively; means fornormally regulating periods of engagement and disengagement of actuatorsand wheels to effect additive turning of the latter;

. means for setting said regulating means to efiect reverse turning ofthe actuating gears for subtraction and for displacing the aforesaidvibratory spring-actuated memher to suspend cooperative relationshipbetween it and the snail cam whereby to permit subtractive turning ofthe lower registering wheel and borrowing from the higher wheel bygradual or divided movement imparted thereto through the planetarygearing,the displacement of said member and consequent shifting of thegear-carrier effecting backward turning of the higher wheel topreliminarily take up any necessary part of a complete borrowingmovement; and a manipulative device for opcrating said setting means andoperating the aforesaid cam rock-shaft.

18. The combination of a pair of registering wheels having internalgears; actuating wheels carrying planetary pinions in mesh with saidinternal gears respectively; sun gears with which said pinions meshrespectively; an internal gear unified with the sun gear of the higherorder; an oscillatory gear-carrier; a pair of gear pinions mountedtherein and one meshing with the last-mentioned internal gear; a sungear unified With the lower order registering wheel and meshing with theother of said gear pinions; a snail cam unified with said lower orderwheel; a vibratory spring-actuated arm engaged by said cam; a linkyieldingly connecting said arm with the aforesaid gearcarrier; a rockshaft of cam cross-section engaging said arm and adapted when turned oneWay to displace the same and thereby swing the said'carrier andreversely turn the higher order wheel and suspend cooperativerelationship between the arm and the snail cam to permit reverserotation of the lower order wheel for subtractive registration andproper borrowing from the higher wheel in gradual or divided movementimparted thereto through the planetary gearing; actuating gears for thewheels respectively; differentially movable actuators engageable withand disengageable from the said actuating gears respectively; means fornormally regulating periods of engagement and disengagement of actuatorsand wheels to effect additive turning'of the latter; means for settingsaid regulating means 'to effect reverse turning of the actuating gearsfor subtraction and for displacing the aforesaid vibratoryspring-actuated memfecting backward turning of the higher wheel topreliminarily take up any necessary 10 part of a complete borrowingmovement; and a hand-lever operating said setting means and theaforesaid cam rock-shaft.

CLAIBORNE W. GOOCH.

Witnesses:

W, L. HOAGLAND, Jr., R. S; MIELERT.

